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Category: covid-19

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Implications of Governor’s Newest Executive Order on Florida’s Community Associations

Effective May 3, 2021 at 4:06 P.M., Governor DeSantis, by way of Executive Order 21-102, suspended all remaining local government mandates and restrictions based on the COVID-19 State of Emergency.

In short, this Order provides that all local government COVID-19 restrictions and mandates on individuals and businesses are hereby suspended.  However, this Order does NOT address private rules enacted by Florida’s community associations.

Remember that in order for a community association to use the statutory emergency powers, there must be a State of Emergency declared by the Governor. Therefore, since the Governor’s declared State of Emergency remains in effect through June 26, 2021, community association  boards of directors may still rely on the use of the statutory emergency powers. However, please remember that in order for a community association to use the statutory emergency powers there must be a nexus between the power being utilized and the actual conditions taking place at the association. In other words, a community association cannot just exercise the emergency powers  because it is convenient.  There should be a nexus.

Executive Order 21-102 can be viewed by clicking HERE.

* * * * * *

Remember too, that on Monday, March 29, Governor DeSantis signed SB 72 into law granting liability protection to businesses and entities, such as religious institutions and community associations, from lawsuits related to COVID-19 exposure if they made a good faith effort to follow all federal, state, and local public health guidelines. To establish liability, the defendant must have acted with gross negligence or intentional conduct; clear and convincing evidence is required to establish liability, rather than a mere preponderance of the evidence; and there is a shortened statute of limitations.

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Vaccination ID’s; To Require or Not to Require | Association Liability Protection | Upcoming Events

Vaccination ID’s: To Require or Not to Require, That Is The Question

Florida’s community association board members are wrestling with many amenity re-opening decisions these days. One such decision is whether or not to open the community clubhouse including the card rooms, bingo, and even off-Broadway like shows. As a part of that decision making process, board members may be considering requiring proof of vaccination as a pre-requisite to such use.

While ultimately a decision within the business judgment of the board, requiring proof of vaccination prior to allowing use of an association amenity is not recommended. Do you remember the ol’ adage, “no good deed goes unpunished?” Well, requiring proof of vaccination from the members prior to allowing use of the clubhouse, no matter how well intended, could likely lead to significant and costly problems for the association who fails to heed the warnings set out in this article.

When acquiring medical information of members, the board’s duty, pursuant to relevant law, is to keep such acquired medical information confidential. Requiring proof of vaccination to use amenities will no doubt lead to a significant breach of that duty.

Another reason not to require proof of vaccination is that doing so will lead to creating two classes of members. The vaccinated members who are allowed to use the amenities and the unvaccinated members who are not allowed to use the amenities. Yet, all members pay for access to use the amenities in proportion to their assessment obligation. Therefore, this practice could expose the association to adverse litigation from the upset unvaccinated members.

If the aforementioned two reasons are not sufficient to dissuade you, then consider this: A member may choose not be vaccinated for religious reasons. In this situation, by requiring proof of vaccination the association will be exposing itself to a claim of religious discrimination.

If the association opens an amenity, then the amenity should be available to all members for use without consideration of vaccination. If that is a concern, then perhaps waiting a short while longer to open the clubhouse or other amenity makes the most sense. Remember, too, that when you do re-open to adhere to CDC protocols as may be appropriate for your community such as mask wearing, social distancing, and sanitizing. As a part of the re-opening procedure, please consult with your association’s attorney regarding the do’s and don’ts.

Community Associations Protected by Limited Liability Law

[As presented by Community Associations Institute Florida Legislative Alliance]

On Monday, March 29 Governor DeSantis signed SB 72 into law granting liability protection to businesses and entities, such as religious institutions and community associations, from lawsuits related to COVID-19 exposure if they made a good faith effort to follow all federal, state, and local public health guidelines.

The protections provided in this bill are important to CAI Florida Legislative Alliance (CAI-FLA). CAI is honored to have been a part of the Florida RESET task force, a coalition of organizations dedicated to reopening Florida safely that assisted in drafting and passing this legislation. In August of 2020, this working group announced their three priority legislative proposals, each of which were included in SB 72 which has been signed into law.

Specifically, the RESET Task Force’s draft legislation authorized limited cause of action for COVID-19 related claims with:

  • a heightened culpability standard: to establish liability, the defendant must have acted with gross negligence or intentional conduct;
  • a heightened evidentiary standard: clear and convincing evidence is required to establish liability, rather than a mere preponderance of the evidence; and
  • a shortened statute of limitations.
Upcoming This Week

April 6 | 9:00am-4:45pm
KBR Legal at the Palm Beach Expo Booth 23

We will also present two CE courses:
10am: Updating Your Government Documents. With Allison L. Hertz, Esq., BCS
2:45pm: 2021 Legal Update. With Michael S. Bender, Esq., BCS

RSVP HERE

April 7 | 12:00-1:00pm
Association Insurance: Top FAQ’s & Concerns
With Allison L. Hertz, Esq., BCS and Brendan Lynch, EVP of Plastridge Insurance.

RSVP HERE

April 8 | 11:00am-12:30pm
Top 10 Common Mix-ups and Misperceptions of Condominiums and HOAs.
With Allison L. Hertz, Esq., BCS and Shawn G. Brown, Esq., BCS.

RSVP HERE

April 9 | 10:00am-12 Noon
Condominium Board Member Certification
Course # 9630075  |  2 CE credits in IFM or ELE. Fulfills Florida requirement for new condominium board members. With Andrew Black, Esq., BCS.

RSVP HERE

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Association Rules After Expiration of the Governor’s State of Emergency Order for COVID-19

By the time you read this article, the governor’s declared state of emergency as related to the coronavirus may have reached an end. If not, well, hopefully it will soon enough due to significant diminution of the coronavirus. What then? What happens to the rules adopted by an association in an effort to combat the coronavirus? Can an association turn away guests of residents? Can the number of people allowed to use the amenities, such as the pool, be limited? Just how far can the board go in its efforts to create reasonable rules?

The emergency powers set out in §720.316 of the Homeowners’ Association Act, §718.1265 of the Condominium Act, and §719.128 of the Cooperative Act begin essentially the same. They each begin with the following phrase:

To the extent allowed by law and unless specifically prohibited by the declaration or other recorded document [or declaration of condominium, its articles or bylaws or cooperative documents, as the case may be], the articles, or the bylaws of an association, and consistent with the provisions of s. 617.0830, the board of administration, in response to damage caused by an event for which a state of emergency is declared pursuant to s. 252.36 in the locale in which the association [or condominium or cooperative as the case may be]   is located, may, but is not required to, exercise the following powers:…

In addition, they each end essentially the same, too, as follows:

The special powers authorized under subsection (1) shall be limited to that time reasonably necessary to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the association and the unit owners and the unit owners’ family members, tenants, guests, agents, or invitees and shall be reasonably necessary to mitigate further damage and make emergency repairs.

Therefore, the emergency power legislation contemplates use of the emergency powers in response to damage caused by an event for which a state of emergency has been declared by the governor and for a reasonable amount of time after the state of emergency is over, as necessary. But, as related to the coronavirus, can the emergency powers still be relied upon at the conclusion of the governor’s declared state of emergency? It is undisputable that the emergency power legislation was drafted in response to hurricanes, where actual damage to buildings and other property occurred, and not for the epidemic of an unexpected deadly virus. But, at least this ever-important legislation lent its applicability to the coronavirus situation and was relied upon by boards and lawyers alike to allow association board members to approve rules in an effort to contain the coronavirus. In response to the virus, some association boards restricted realtor showings and construction work, limited or even prevented guests, and the list goes on and on. Often these rules were adopted with limited notice to the members, sometimes outside of properly noticed meetings (which, depending on the situation may have been, was permitted at the time pursuant to the statutory emergency powers, which still require providing reasonable notice under the circumstances). The further in time we are from the end of the declared state of emergency, the less the emergency powers legislation can be relied upon…most especially because they were drafted with a different type of emergency in mind.

Therefore, in order to ensure your community’s, by now likely revised and lessened, coronavirus rules and regulations remain valid and enforceable, it is important to review the basics. Board members have a fiduciary duty to their association members. That duty supports board-promulgated rules that promote the health, happiness, and peace of mind of the majority of the members. Thus, rules can be adopted for different reasons. At times, a rule may be necessary under the circumstances. For example, say the local health department issues a special bulletin regarding a significant rise in coronavirus within a very limited geographic region in which an association has membership consisting of aged members. Likely, that association may reasonably adopt more stringent rules than an association located in an area with very few cases.

Clearly, if an association is going to restrict vendor and guest access or the rights of the members to use amenities that they otherwise have a lawful right to use, then the board better be able to create the necessary nexus between the situation at hand and rule at issue.

Rules Must Be Reasonable

In Hidden Harbour Estates v. Norman, 309 So. 2d 180 (Fla 4th DCA 1975), unit owners challenged a board-adopted rule prohibiting the use of alcoholic beverages in certain areas of the common elements of the condominium. The trial court found the rule invalid, holding that rules must have some reasonable relationship to the protection of life, property, or the general welfare of the residents of the condominium to be valid and enforceable. The Fourth District Court of Appeal, however, held that the rule was valid because the rule was reasonable. The Court explained that there is a principle “inherent to the condominium concept” that each unit owner must give up a certain degree of freedom in a condominium in order to promote the health, happiness, and peace of mind of the majority of unit owners. The Court concluded that the test for the validity of a rule is reasonableness. An association is not permitted to adopt arbitrary or capricious rules that do not relate to the health, happiness, and enjoyment of the unit owners. However, if a rule is reasonable, the association is permitted to adopt it.

Rule Validity

In Hidden Harbour Estates v. Basso, 393 So. 2d 637 (Fla 4th DCA 1981), the association sought to enjoin unit owners from maintaining a shallow well on their property. The Fourth District Court of Appeal noted that there are two categories of use restrictions: (i) use restrictions set out in the declaration of condominium and (ii) rules adopted by the board or the refusal of the board to allow a certain use when the board has the authority to grant or deny such use. The Court concluded that use restrictions set out in the declaration are “clothed with a very strong presumption of validity” because unit owners purchase their unit knowing of and accepting the restrictions to be imposed. However, rules adopted by the board do not enjoy the strong presumption of validity and must be “reasonably related to the promotion of the health, happiness, and peace of mind of the unit owners.” In this case, the board articulated three reasons for refusing to allow the unit owners to install a well on their property. However, the Court held that the there was no evidence to support the association’s articulated reasons for denial, and therefore the association failed to demonstrate a reasonable relationship between the denial of the application and the objectives which the association argued the denial would achieve. Because the board’s denial was not reasonable, it was held invalid.

Rules Cannot Contravene Declaration or Rights Inferable Therefrom

In Beachwood Villas Condominium v. Poor, 448 So. 2d 1143 (Fla 4th DCA 1984), unit owners challenged two rules adopted by the board of directors of the association which regulated unit rentals and the occupancy of units by guests during the owner’s absence. The trial court held that the rules were invalid because they exceeded the scope of the board’s authority. However, the Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed the trial court and held that the rules were within the scope of the board’s authority. The Court looked to the decision in Hidden Harbour v. Basso, and the two sources of use restrictions: those set out in the declaration of condominium and those adopted by the board. The Court noted that board-adopted rules are reviewed first by determining whether the board acted within the scope of its authority and second, whether the rule reflects reasoned or arbitrary and capricious decision-making.

The Court determined that a board-adopted rule that does not contravene either an express provision of the declaration or a right reasonably inferable therefrom will be found valid. In other words, if the board has the authority to adopt the rule, and the rule does not conflict with the declaration or any right reasonably inferable from the declaration, the board is acting within the scope of its authority to adopt the rule. In this case, the unit owners did not challenge the reasonableness of the rules, so the Court ended its analysis with the question of the board’s authority to adopt the rule and did not move on to the reasonableness considerations discussed in Hidden Harbor v. Basso. As the rules adopted by the board did not contravene either an express provision of the declaration or any right inferable therefrom, the Court held that the rules were within the scope of the board’s authority, and were, therefore, valid.

Remember, when the board publishes an agenda which provides rules will be considered for adoption, that if the rule governs a member’s use of their property or unit then it requires a 14-day notice to all members. The notice must also be posted conspicuously on the property 14 days in advance of the meeting. Rules affecting the common area and common elements only require the typical 48- hour board meeting notice. Of course, your community’s governing documents may also have requirements regarding rule adoption, and if so, they likely should be adhered to as well. After board adoption the rules need to be sent out to the entire community. In addition, homeowners’ association rules should be recorded in the county’s official records, too.

It is a given that as society progresses to normal, rules that were needed yesterday can become outdated today. Be sure to be in touch with your association’s lawyer regarding the continuation of any previously adopted coronavirus restrictions and any proposed new rules prior to board adoption to help ensure their continued enforceability.

(Reprinted with permission from the December 2020 edition of the Florida Community Association Journal)

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Governing Document Amendments In Light Of COVID-19

Making Lemonade Out Of Lemons

As a result of the unexpected COVID-19 crisis and its ramifications on Florida’s community associations, there are lessons that can be learned. Early on, an unexpected issue many community associations faced was whether the board could rely on the emergency powers set out in the Florida Statutes to help protect both residents and property alike during this time of uncertainty (the “emergency power legislation”). The Condominium, Cooperative, and Homeowners’ Association Acts each provide that the board of directors is granted certain emergency powers in response to damage caused by an event for which a state of emergency is declared by the Governor. While local governments at the city and county level may similarly declare a state of emergency, the emergency powers only spring into existence upon the Governor’s issuance of an executive order declaring a state of emergency in response damage caused by event.

These emergency powers include, just to name a few, the ability to cancel and reschedule meetings, conduct such meetings with as much notice as may be practicable, levy assessments, restrict access to the property and so much more.  More specifically, Sections 718.1265 as to condominiums, 719.128 as to cooperatives, and 720.316 as to homeowners’ associations, Florida Statutes, each provide enumerated emergency  powers available to the board of directors that may be exercised “in response to damage caused by an event for which a state of emergency is declared…”. However, in light of COVID-19 pandemic the interpretation of the phrase “in response to damage caused by an event” created questions and confusion to both laymen and lawyers alike.

At issue was whether the emergency power legislation only applies to situations where there is actual property damage and/or as a result of a hurricane damage. Even if not necessarily intended for COVID-19 type situations,  to many lawyers, including this author, there was no question that the emergency powers could be utilized by board members of Florida’s community associations in response to the instant pandemic. Nevertheless, others questioned whether the emergency power legislation should apply since it was initially drafted in response to hurricane type events, and not a medical event such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

By way of background, the emergency power legislation was drafted in response to the series of hurricanes that hit Florida in 2004, however, it took the Florida Legislature approximately four years to pass them into law. A plain reading of the emergency power legislation even demonstrates that these statutes were drafted with hurricane type damage in mind, and not other disasters, such as global pandemics. But, that does not mean they cannot be applied to other situations.  In fact,  on March 27, 2020, the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation Division of Condominiums, Timeshares and Mobile Homes (the “Division”) issued an unexpected order that provided that the phrase “response to damage caused by an event” should not be considered when reading the emergency powers legislation. Then on May 20, 2020, the Division entered a second order explaining that its prior order would expire on June 1, 2020 which is slightly more than a month before the Governor’s state of emergency is set to expire on July 7, 2020. Without regard to whether the Division had the necessary authority to issue such orders in the first place, the result of its second order has attorneys asking, once again, does the emergency power legislation apply? While a great many lawyers experienced in the body of community association law believe so, that does not mean that a court would agree upon legal challenge. Candidly, it would be surprising if the court did not agree, but one never knows with certainty how a court will ultimately rule, most especially on issues of first impression, for which this certainly qualifies.

There is already legislative chatter about the need to revise the emergency power legislation to make it more adaptable to the different types of disasters that can occur. But, community association boards should be able to rely, right now, on the emergency powers in any situation where the Governor has declared a state of emergency where health of the members can be at issue. Even if the Florida legislature does amend the emergency powers to make it patently clear that the board may exercise its statutory  emergency powers during a declared state of emergency for a pandemic, such an amendment will take time and that could mean anything but a fast fix. So, what is an association to do to prepare for the next unanticipated state of emergency?

Well, at least in this instance it is quite likely that your association can act much more quickly to amend the community’s declaration or bylaws, than the Florida legislature can to amend the Florida Statutes.  With that in mind, the board can sponsor and the association membership can adopt an amendment to the declaration or bylaws that clarifies that the emergency powers set out in the Florida Statutes (with specific reference) apply to all states of emergency declared by the Governor to the extent the safety and welfare of the members and/or the property is at issue. In addition, or as an alternative, specific emergency powers can be drafted in the declaration or bylaws, too.

A few suggestions for consideration include:

  • During any emergency the Board may hold meetings with notice given only to those Directors with whom it is practicable to communicate, and the notice may be given in any practicable manner.  The Director, or Directors, in attendance at such a meeting shall constitute a quorum.
  • The Board may cancel, reschedule and/or postpone Board and member meetings, including the annual meeting, if necessary to protect the health and welfare of the members.
  • Corporate action taken in good faith during an emergency under this section to further the ordinary affairs of the association shall bind the Association; and shall have the rebuttable presumption of being reasonable and necessary.
  • The Board may use reserve funds to meet Association needs and may use reserve funds as collateral for Association loans.  The Board may adopt emergency assessments with such notice deemed practicable by the Board.
  • The Board may adopt emergency Rules and Regulations governing the use and occupancy of the Units, Common Elements, Limited Common Elements, and Association Property, with notice given only to those Directors with whom it is practicable to communicate.
  • Any Officer, Director, or employee of the Association acting with a reasonable belief that his actions are lawful in accordance with these emergency Bylaws shall incur no liability for doing so, except in the case of willful misconduct.
  • The Board shall act to keep all members informed of all Board actions taken pursuant to these emergency powers by U.S. Mail, closed circuit tv, social media, or email, etc. as may be practicable under the circumstances.

If your association is interested in adopting such an amendment to your association’s governing documents, please be certain to seek out competent legal counsel that has the requisite expertise in the area of community association law.

(Reprinted with permission from the July 2020 edition of the Florida Community Association Journal and as written by attorney Jeffrey Rembaum)

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State of Emergency Extended for 60 Days

To see the Order in its entirety click HERE

If the link does not work for your browser, then copy and paste the following into your browser: https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2020/EO_20-166.pdf

A copy of the relevant text from the Order follows:

STATE OF FLORIDA OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR

EXECUTIVE ORDER NUMBER 20-166 (EmergencyManagement-Extension of Executive Order 20-52-COVID-19)

WHEREAS, on March 9, 2020, I issued Executive Order 20-52, declaring a state of emergency for the entire state due to COVID-19; and

WHEREAS, on March 25, 2020, President Donald J. Trump approved my request and declared a Major Disaster due to COVID-19 in Florida; and

WHEREAS, on June 3, 2020, I issued Executive Order 20-139, implementing Phase 2 of my Safe. Smart. Step-by-Step. Plan for Florida’s Recovery; and

WHEREAS, I, as Governor of Florida, am committed to providing all available resources and assisting all Floridians and our local communities with their efforts; and

WHEREAS, no state of emergency declared pursuant to the Florida Emergency Management Act may continue for more than 60 days unless renewed by the Governor; and

WHEREAS, the impact of COVID-19 poses a continuing threat to the health, safety and welfare of the State of Florida and its residents.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, RON DESANTIS, as Governor of Florida, by virtue of the authority vested in me by Article IV, Section l(a) of the Florida Constitution and by the Florida Emergency Management Act, as amended, and all other applicable laws, promulgate the following Executive Order, to take immediate effect:

Section I. The state of emergency declared in Executive Order 20-52, as extended by Executive Order 20-114, will be extended for 60 days following the issuance of this order for the entire State of Florida.

Section 2. To the extent Executive Order 20-139, Phase 2: Safe. Smart. Step-by-Step. Plan for Florida’s Recovery, amended or extended any executive order related to COVID-19, the referenced executive orders shall remain in effect, as modified.

Section 3. All actions taken by the Director of the Division of Emergency Management as the State Coordinating Officer with respect to this emergency before the issuance of this Executive Order are ratified, and he is directed to continue to execute the State’s Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan and other response, recovery, and mitigation plans necessary to cope with the emergency.

Section 4. Except as amended herein, Executive Order 20-52, extended by Executive Order 20-114, is ratified and reaffirmed.

IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Great Seal of the State of Florida to be affixed, at Tallahassee, this 7th day of July, 2020.

RON DESANTIS, GOVERNOR

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Facial Covering Requirements County by County & A Hand Sanitizer Recall

Below you will find face covering requirements for Palm Beach, Broward, Miami-Dade, Hillsborough, Pinellas, Pasco and Manatee Counties. In addition, the cities of Hallandale and Aventura are discussed.

Where appropriate, face covering requirements for those living in condominiums and homeowners’ associations are discussed as well.

A recall was issued for a certain manufacture of hand sanitizer products which is presented immediately below the face covering information.

PALM BEACH COUNTY

Palm Beach County Order No. 2020-012 provides that effective June 25, 2020, facial coverings are required to be worn in public.  Specifically, facial coverings are required to be worn in:

i) Businesses and establishments of any type, including, without limitation, restaurants, retail stores, grocery stores, gyms, indoor recreational facilities and vehicles for hire,

ii) Public places, including outdoor areas that are open and regularly accessible, and outdoor common areas within private communities, where social distancing is not possible or not being practiced,

iii) Palm Tran transit services, and

iv) County and municipal governmental facilities.

Facial coverings are defined under the Palm Beach County Order as any covering which snugly covers the nose and mouth, whether store bought or homemade, mask or clothing covering, including, but not limited to, a scarf, bandana, handkerchief, or other similar cloth covering and which is secured in place. The Order is clear that facial coverings are required to be worn in outdoor common areas within private communities accessible to more than one housing unit where social distancing cannot be accomplished or is not being practiced.

One must also wear a facial covering while working in or visiting businesses and establishments, including indoor recreational facilities.

Businesses and establishments are further required to ensure compliance with the Order and establish a process for verification of compliance upon customer entry into the establishment, and to conspicuously post a specific sign in three languages (CLICK HERE TO LINK-http://discover.pbcgov.org/pdf/covid19/Retail-Mask-Poster.pdf) indicating that persons must wear facial coverings and maintain social distancing.

The Order does not specifically identify indoor common elements or common areas of condominium and homeowners’ associations as businesses or establishments where facial coverings must be worn. However, due to the fact that any type of business or establishment must comply and indoor recreational facilities are specifically listed as establishments in the Order, we believe that the Order likely applies to indoor common element and common area facilities.  Therefore, we recommend that you treat your indoor facilities as establishments under the Order until further orders or guidance is provided by the County.  This means that associations should monitor and require compliance with facial covering requirements, particularly in indoor recreational facilities, and conspicuously post the designated sign required by the Order.

There are exceptions to the facial covering requirements for certain individuals and in certain situations where they are not feasible, including, but not limited to, by children under two (2), by persons who have medical conditions such as asthma or COPD, and while consuming food or beverages.  However, the exceptions are limited and should be implemented in accordance with the Order so as not to cause the spread of the virus.  Finally, compliance is serious as the county has now indicated that fines and penalties may be issued for businesses that do not comply. Whether this includes associations is to be determined.

BROWARD COUNTY

Generally, facial coverings must be worn anytime you obtain a good or service from any establishment, including entering, exiting, and otherwise moving around within the establishment (and must be worn by persons working in those establishments during in-person interactions).

The covering should cover the nose and mouth, and comply with the CDC recommendations on the use and sanitation of such coverings. There are certain limited exemptions, including, without limitation, children under the age of two or children of any age while in the custody of licensed childcare facilities, persons with medical conditions, or during the time-period when you are receiving a good/service that precludes wearing a facial covering (e.g., eating, drinking, receiving a facial grooming).

Violations are subject to potential civil penalties (fines) and/or criminal enforcement (2nd degree misdemeanor).  Suspected violations can be reported to local municipal code enforcement.  The Broward County Order does not specifically require facial coverings within private residential communities (condos/HOAs). Please note, however, that cities may have stricter requirements than the county, so you should confirm with your city accordingly.

Any questions concerning the county requirements can be directed to the County COVID19 Hotline: ‪(954) 357-9500.

The relevant FAQ from the county, and the three (3) Orders are below:

CITY OF HALLANDALE

Facial coverings are required within the common areas of all buildings with multiple residents per Emergency Order HB20-12.

CITY OF HOLLYWOOD

All persons beyond legal boundary of residential property are required to wear facial coverings consistent with CDC guidelines as per Emergency Order 2020-06.

MIAMI-DADE COUNTY

Miami-Dade County issued Emergency Order 20-20 on April 9, 2020 (“Order 20-20”) which requires that all persons working in or visiting grocery stores, restaurants, pharmacies, construction sites, public transit vehicles, vehicles for hire, and locations where social distancing measures are not possible to wear facial coverings. In other words, face masks are required where social distancing is not possible. The Order defines a facial covering as “any covering which snugly covers the face and mouth, whether store bought or homemade, and which is secured with ties or ear loops.”

On May 15, 2020, Miami-Dade County issued Emergency Order 23-20 (“Order 23-20”) further providing that anyone “working in or visiting an establishment, including but not limited to airports, seaports, and mass transit facilities and vehicles” must wear a facial covering as described in Order 20-20. However, Order 23-20 provides an exemption for children under the age of two years, persons who have trouble breathing, where federal or state safety regulations prohibit the wearing of facial coverings, and for persons engaged in strenuous physical activity.

On May 27, 2020, Order 23-20 was amended to provide an additional exemption to the facial covering requirement “while persons are eating or drinking.” Additionally, Order 23-20 adopts The New Normal; A Guide for Residents and Commercial Establishments (the “New Normal Guidelines”) which includes industry specific protocols for the reopening of retail and commercial establishments, including general reopening guidelines that provide that facial coverings must be worn inside businesses and commercial establishments or wherever social distancing is not possible.

On June 22, 2020, Mayor Carlos A. Gimenez released a statement regarding the importance of wearing masks and social distancing. He reiterated that masks are required indoors at business establishments and outdoors when people cannot practice social distancing to remain at least six (6) feet apart. In his statement, Mayor Gimenez acknowledged the stricter rules issued by some municipalities in Miami-Dade County, including Miami, North Miami Beach, Aventura, Hialeah, and Miami Gardens.

CITY OF AVENTURA

As pertains to community associations, the City Manager of Aventura issued Emergency Order Number 12 (“Order 12”) which provides additional mandates requiring the use of facial coverings in the interior “Common Areas” of commercial buildings and residential condominium and cooperative buildings. Order 12 provides that common areas include lobby/reception areas, hallways, elevators, mailrooms, clubhouse/meeting rooms, and stair wells. That means that you are required to wear a mask in any interior common areas of condominium or cooperative buildings in the City of Aventura. It is important to note that Order 12 provides that property managers/building managers are required to enforce the facial covering requirement.

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY

Order 2020-27 went into effect on 5pm June 24, 2020.  The order does not specifically apply to community associations as they are not a “business” under the order. Face coverings must be worn inside all indoor establishments. Businesses are required to enforce the mask order and can be charged with a second-degree misdemeanor if they don’t, a penalty of up to 60-days in jail and/or six months’ probation and a $500 fine.  The exception does not apply to children under two, persons with pre-existing medical conditions that would be worsened by a mask, hearing-impaired persons, those working in a profession that would be unable to perform their duties with a mask such as public safety, exercising, eating and drinking, or those already observing federal social distancing guidelines (the 6-foot rule).

Tampa is the only exception in Hillsborough where the mask rule would apply to community associations.  if you are outside your home, you must wear a face covering and if no face covering,  up to a $500 citation could be issued.  This would apply to community associations whenever a resident is outside of their residence.

PINELLAS COUNTY

Order 20-14 went into effect on 5pm June 24, 2020. Face coverings must be worn in all indoor public places in Pinellas County.  While not specifically drafted to apply to community associations, the definition of indoor public place would cover community associations when the residents can access the facility.  The only exceptions applicable to community associations are if less than 10 people are in the facility and they are practicing social distancing.  Parties not wearing a mask can receive a civil citation of $100 for a first offense, $250 for a second and $500 for a third. Additional repeat violations may result in a misdemeanor arrest.  The exceptions mirror those of Hillsborough County and Pinellas’s enforcement cannot conflict with the Americans with Disabilities Act.  The Order does not apply to government entities or hospitals or persons under the age of 18.

PASCO COUNTY

Order went into effect ‪5pm on June 25, 2020.  Face coverings must be worn inside all businesses, government offices, and schools.  The definition of businesses is nebulous enough to ensnare community associations under the “providing services to the public” standard.  If someone does not wear a mask in the aforementioned places, they will not be able to enter the business, or will be removed once inside. Individual business owners are required to enforce the ordinance or may face a fine up to $250. The exceptions mirrors Hillsborough County and Pasco’s enforcement cannot conflict with the Americans with Disabilities Act.  It is suggested you speak with your community association’s attorney due to the lack of specificity in Pasco County’s Order to determine if the Order may apply to your community association.

MANATEE COUNTY

No mask requirements.

HAND SANITIZER RECALL

The Food and Drug Administration issued a warning on nine alcohol-based hand sanitizers manufactured by Eskbiochem SA de CV in Mexico because  it contains wood methanol, a toxic substance.  It can result in death if ingested or if  absorbed through the skin.

“Consumers who have been exposed to hand sanitizer containing methanol should seek immediate treatment, which is critical for potential reversal of toxic effects of methanol poisoning,” the FDA wrote on June 19.”

Following is list of the hand sanitizers manufactured by Eskbiochem:

  • All-Clean Hand Sanitizer (NDC: 74589-002-01)
  • Esk Biochem Hand Sanitizer (NDC: 74589-007-01)
  • CleanCare NoGerm Advanced Hand Sanitizer 75% Alcohol (NDC: 74589-008-04)
  • The Good Gel Antibacterial Gel Hand Sanitizer (NDC: 74589-010-10)
  • CleanCare NoGerm Advanced Hand Sanitizer 80% Alcohol (NDC: 74589-005-03)
  • CleanCare NoGerm Advanced Hand Sanitizer 75% Alcohol (NDC: 74589-009-01)
  • CleanCare NoGerm Advanced Hand Sanitizer 80% Alcohol (NDC: 74589-003-01)
  • Saniderm Advanced Hand Sanitizer (NDC: 74589-001-01)
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Stay Ahead of the Curve: Lessons in Technology Learned from Covid-19

The statutory emergency powers granted to community associations as a result of the Covid-19 State of Emergency proved to be a valuable resource for the orderly operations of Florida’s community associations. Many associations had to make significant changes to how they conducted the business of their association. For example, holding board meetings via “Zoom” and “GotoWebinar” became invaluable. But, when the State of Emergency is over can annual meetings and board meetings continue to take place on the internet? Sure they can, subject to the important considerations explained below. In addition, what other technologies can be utilized by the board?

In fact, at the present time there are three statutory grants of technology that an association can utilize to make conducting the business of the association easier on a regular basis. They include, holding meetings electronically, voting electronically, and using email as an official means of communication to the members rather than the U.S. Postal Service. Electronic board meetings allow the board to continue conducting the business of the association without putting themselves or others in harm’s way. But even more than that, by attending electronically think of all of the gas that is saved since no one has to drive to the meeting. More than that, think of the extra time spent not driving or walking to the meeting and how it could be used as family quality time or just to relax.

However, if the board chooses to use video conferencing, it is important to remember that the board must comply with the statutory provisions regarding board meetings. The members must receive notice of the meeting pursuant to the bylaws of the association, and in any event, at least 48 hours in advance of the meeting. Additionally, condominium association members must have the right to speak to all designated agenda items and HOA members also get the additional right to speak on any item discussed by the board (this is because from a strict statutory interpretation condominium association boards are only supposed to address what is set out on the agenda, while such restriction does not apply to HOA boards). Remember, there is no exception to the meeting notice requirements and the need to provide opportunity for member comment. Therefore, any video conferencing software the board utilizes must allow members to virtually attend the meeting and have the opportunity to speak.

The second technology that associations can utilize to make life easier is electronic voting. Florida law allows condominiums, homeowners associations, and cooperatives to conduct elections and other owner votes electronically. When an association board adopts electronic voting, each member of the association must opt in, in writing, and can then vote safely from the comfort of their own home. Imagine all of the time saved by punching a computer button to get the tally, rather than counting by hand, in some instances over 1,000 votes!

To adopt electronic voting, the Board must first adopt a resolution authorizing an online voting system. The board resolution must provide that members will receive notice of the opportunity to vote online and must establish reasonable procedures and deadlines for members to consent, in writing, to online voting, and procedures for members to opt out of online voting. Once the board has approved electronic voting, the board must select an online voting system that complies with the requirements of Florida law. The online voting system must be able to do the following: (1) authenticate the owner’s identity, (2) authenticate the validity of each electronic vote to ensure that the vote is not changed during transmission, (3) transmit a receipt to each owner who casts an electronic vote, (4) be able to separate any authentication or identifying information from the ballot when voting must be done by secret ballot, and (5) be able to store and keep electronic votes accessible for recount, inspection, and review purposes.

Please take note that the board cannot force owners to vote electronically. Thus, a necessary step is to obtain each member’s written consent to participate in electronic voting. If an owner does not consent or opts out of electronic voting, then the board must allow that owner to paper vote.

The third technology an association can utilize which saves money, paper and time, is using electronic notices for official association communications. In other words, give up postage stamps in favor of using e-mail. Generally, associations are required to send official notices via mail or hand delivery. However, the association may choose to send notice via e-mail but only if an owner has provided their written consent to receive their notices electronically.

E-mails used for official association communications can only be sent to those owners who consent, in writing, to receive their official notices by electronic transmission. The written consent must specifically authorize the association to transmit notice electronically. An owner who has consented to electronic notice may opt out at any time. The association must retain a roster of the e-mail addresses and the written consents of owners as an official record of the association. The member is responsible to ensure the association’s emails are not blocked or categorized as spam. Failure to receive an email due to a member’s inability to receive the email will not be a valid reason for objecting. Budget adoption notices, annual meeting notices, election notices, board meeting notices and so much more can be provided via email.

Over the last several months, many associations have had to learn how to utilize technology to conduct the business of their association during the Covid-19 pandemic. Some have done so correctly and likely others have not. Thus, in utilizing any of the technology discussed in this article, an important step is to consult with your association’s attorney to ensure proper compliance with all the statutory requirements. Let us also turn a negative into a positive by continuing to use technology to assist the association with smooth operation. Who knows, perhaps one day, there will be a way for members to virtually enjoy the amenities, too. Until then, you’ll find me at the pool deck.

(Reprinted with permission from the June 2020 edition of the Florida Community Association Journal and as written by attorney Jeffrey Rembaum)

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Re-opening Amenities In Times Of Uncertainty, Part 2

In response to our article from May 3rd, 2020, we have received inquiries from readers regarding the ability of an association located in Palm Beach County to use volunteers to provide the pool monitoring as required by Palm  Beach County Emergency Order Number 5.

In relevant part, the Palm Beach County Order provides that as to the re-opening of community swimming pools the association must have “[o]ne (1) or more facility staff or management be present at each facility location to monitor and ensure compliance with the [Order].” There is no definitive instruction in the Order as to how a community association is to comply this particular requirement. However, based upon the plain meaning of the words, the association should have personnel from management or association staff physically present at the association’s pool facilities during its operating hours to monitor the use of the pool facilities to ensure compliance with the Order.

In addition, based upon an April 28, 2020, posting from the Palm Beach County website, it is suggested that an association could also appoint a committee of community volunteers to perform the pool monitoring. The issue created by the Palm Beach County Website posting is that the Order required “facility staff or management” to provide the pool monitoring. The term “volunteers” was not not used.

With that in mind,  if an association located in Palm Beach County decides to use volunteers to provide the pool monitoring function, then the following should be taken into consideration:

  1. If a resident who contracts Covid-19 later sues the association alleging a breach of the Order somehow led to their contracting of the virus, then will the association be in a position to show compliance with the Order when, in fact, volunteers were used? While such a lawsuit is remote, given today’s litigious environment it is not out the question.
  2. Does the association have legal defense coverage which would at least provide for assignment of defense counsel so that the association will not have to go out of pocket in the event its other insurance policies do not provide coverage?
  3. Does the association have insurance coverage in place to cover acts of volunteers?
  4. Does the association have volunteer workers comp type coverage in place?

Although not required by the Order, we suggest that the association consider conspicuously posting or having available as a handout a summary of the CDC Social Distancing Guidelines and the Palm Beach County Emergency Order Number 5 as related to use of community pools.  The following links are provided for your reference:

Remember to also discuss the re-opening plan with your association’s legal counsel.

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RE-OPENING AMENITIES IN TIMES OF UNCERTAINTY

The re-opening of amenities is anything but easy due to the local Orders being promulgated by Palm Beach, Broward and Miami-Dade Counties. Please be sure to review your County’s specific order(s) to ensure your association remains in compliance. These Orders have similarities but are also VERY different. A link to the recent re-opening Orders follows:

As to the Palm Beach County Order, take note that that staff and management are responsible to ensure compliance with the Order with respect to the tennis/racquet court facilities, and that one or more facility staff or management must be present at the pool to monitor and “ensure compliance with the restrictions of the Order.” However, it is not at all clear what measures must be taken to “ensure compliance with this Order.” We do not think it would be sufficient to only post a sign setting forth the CDC Guidelines and the additional restrictions in the Order. Although the tennis/racquet court facilities guidelines, unlike the community pool guidelines, do not require personnel to be present at the tennis/racquet courts to monitor and ensure compliance, in our opinion the board should consider some type of responsible monitoring.

With respect to a swimming pool in Palm Beach County, “facility staff or management” must be present at the pool whenever it is open to monitor and ensure compliance with the restrictions set out in the Order, including social distancing and pool bathroom sanitation. If that cannot be accomplished, then the pool and or bathrooms should remain closed.

When opening a swimming pool in Broward County, their Order provides that the pool may not operate at more than 50% capacity. In person supervision in addition to sanitizing gates, railings and showers is required if the pool deck furnishings are left in place. However, by removing the furnishings, the wording of the Order seems to indicate the need to sanitize gates, railings and showers has been eliminated.  If the decision by the Board is to reopen the pool, whether the furnishings remain or are removed a level of reasonable cleaning/sanitizing should be maintained, as necessary maintenance remains a continuing obligation of the association with regard to common elements/areas, which would require sanitizing the pool gates, handrails, doors, bathrooms and the like minimally as the association normally would,  but clearly should be performed more frequently during these times.

Residents of Miami-Dade County will have to wait a while longer to be able to use their association swimming pool because their Order does not yet address opening association swimming pools.

We have heard that certain county staff are giving their personal interpretations of the Order(s) in response to questions from board members. If you think that relying on these unofficial and unauthorized interpretations will shield your association from immunity, think again! It is far more likely that staff interpretations of the County Orders will not provide any protection whatsoever, most especially if a resident contracts Covid-19 and a lawsuit is brought against the association. Until local governments revise their Orders to provide missing clarity, the plain language, conservative interpretation of these Orders should be followed to help ensure your association is protected as much as possible under the circumstances. Remember, too, that an association can have stricter requirements than those set out in the orders, but cannot adopt less strict requirements.

It is also unclear from the Orders how governmental enforcement of the restrictions is to occur by the County or any municipality, as it seems very (very) unlikely that there will be patrols driving around to check on compliance. Even if such patrols did exist, they could not hope to keep up. The more likely scenario is that the self-reporting of violations could possibly lead to monetary or other penalties against the association. Clearly, if the Board is of the opinion that the requirements in their County’s Order cannot be met at this time, it or are removed is certainly within the reasonable business judgment of the Board to keep those amenities closed. However, that said, reasonable business judgment should not be used by a board to make a decision to open amenities where the board believes it lacks the ability to be fully compliant with their county’s local Orders.

We encourage board members to contact their association’s legal counsel for guidance regarding reopening any tennis/racquet courts and/or pool facility, and to continue to monitor the guidelines, directives and orders issued by the CDC and the applicable local authorities. Stay safe.

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The 2020 Census: The Importance of Being Counted, Especially Now

The U.S. Constitution provides that every ten years, the United States must conduct a census to count the entire population of the nation. Moreover, federal law requires each person to complete the census. Each year, the federal government distributes more than $675 billion to states and communities based on Census Bureau data. Additionally, information gathered in the census is used to determine how many Representatives each state has in Congress and is used to redraw the congressional district boundaries. Local communities rely on census data to plan for new roads, schools, and emergency services. In the private sector, businesses use the census data to decide where to build factories, offices, and stores which create jobs in the community. In order for your community to receive the maximum benefit from the 2020 Census, every member must be counted.

The United States Census Bureau has made the process of responding to the 2020 census easier than ever. Beginning in Mid-March each household will receive an invitation to respond to the census with options for how to respond. You may respond online where the questionnaire will be available in English and 12 additional languages. You can also respond by phone in English or 12 additional languages. If you would prefer to respond to the questionnaire on paper, the Census Bureau will be mailing paper questionnaires to every household that has yet to respond by mid-April. Finally, those who prefer to respond in person will be able to do so in mid-May as census takers will being visiting all household that have not yet responded. Census workers will make six attempts to find residents who do not return forms. So, if you want to avoid finding a Census Bureau field representative on your doorstep, complete the questionnaire online or over the phone when you receive it in mid-March.

Similar to process servers, associations must admit census workers performing official business for the 2020 Census. In accordance with Section 223 of Title 13 of the U.S. Code provides that anyone who willfully neglects give free ingress and egress to a duly accredited representative of the Census Bureau may be subject to a fine of up to $500.00. The Census Bureau has also provided information to help you verify that an individual visiting your association and/or home, as the case may be, is actually a Census Bureau employee. You and your association’s security gate personnel will be able to verify a Census Bureau field representative using the following information:

  • A Census Bureau field representative will always present an ID badge that includes their name, their photograph, a Department of Commerce watermark, and an expiration date.
  • A Census Bureau field representative will be carrying an official bag with the Census Bureau logo or a laptop, and will provide a letter from the Census Bureau on official letterhead stating why they are visiting your residence or community.
  • If you or your association’s security staff desire to independently verify a field representative’s status, you can enter the person’s name in the Census Bureau’s staff search website at www.census.gov/cgi-bin/main/email.cgi or contact the regional office for Florida by calling (470) 889-6800.

Understandably, you may be concerned over the confidentiality of your census responses, but the law is clear: no personal information can be shared. All the information you share is protected by law and cannot be used against you. The Census Bureau is prohibited from releasing any identifiable information about individuals, households, or businesses, even to law enforcement agencies. The Census Bureau and its employees are prohibited from releasing information that identifies you personally. Each employee and contractor is sworn to protect your information, and a violation of that oath can result in a fine up to $250,000 and/or up to five years in prison. The Census Bureau takes strong precautions to protect online responses as well. All data is encrypted to protect personal privacy and once the Census Bureau receives the data it is taken offline.

Not only does, federal law requires you to complete the census, but Section 221 of Title 13 of the U.S. Code even provides that a $100 fine will be imposed on anyone over the age of eighteen who refuses or willfully neglects to complete the census.  So, what are you waiting for? Go and complete your 2020 Census- the information gathered in the 2020 Census will be of vital importance to your association, your surrounding neighborhoods, the city, county and state.

COVID-19 UPDATE:

The health and safety of your Community and all residents is very important to us. We also realize that our clients have uncertainty and concerns around the continuing operation of your Community, and our team of attorneys will remain available to all of you during these times.

In addition, we added a very useful and informative section to our website. Visit it by clicking HERE.

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Kaye Bender Rembaum, P.L.