REMBAUM'S ASSOCIATION ROUNDUP | The Community Association Legal News You Can Use

561-241-4462    |    9121 N. Military Trail, Ste. 200   |   Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410

COVID-19 UPDATE: Your Questions Answered & Emergency Powers Confirmed

OUR KBR TEAM OF ATTORNEYS OFFER GUIDANCE TO YOUR MOST PRESSING COVID-19 QUESTIONS

1. If we have a resident who tested positive for Covid-19 should we inform the entire community?

If the positive test has been confirmed, while it is ok to alert the entire community that a member has tested positive for Covid-19, it is definitely NOT ok to identify the infected person by name and/or property address.  It is recommended that you contact Association counsel for assistance in preparing or reviewing the notice to the membership.

2. What do we do if a confirmed, infected person in our community refuses to self-quarantine?

Consider contacting the County Health Department, the local Police Department, Department of Homeland Security, and Center for Disease Control to report them.  Please be reminded that you have no independent authority to force anyone to self-quarantine.

3. Should we close the association clubhouse and gym during the quarantine period? 

With known infections escalating at a breakneck pace, community leaders must make tough business decisions to protect the health, safety and welfare of community residents, staff and to promote compliance with local, state and federal emergency orders and declarations. We recommend implementing strategies to minimize spreading the disease and taking actions designed to maintain a safe environment.  Prohibiting use of indoor common facilities and amenities generally falls within the discretion of the board of directors, particularly in light of the emergency powers granted to all Boards of Directors, during this pandemic, by Florida Statutes, and is strongly recommended by the state health department.

Consequently, we recommend restricting access to these facilities as the most effective way to prevent residents from becoming infected after touching surfaces, railings, entry doors, furniture or other items.  This is especially important if residents typically congregate in the clubhouse in close proximity to each other.

Board members are obligated to act with good faith, with the care of a reasonable person and in the best interests of the community.  It is certainly in the  best interest of the community to maintain a clean and safe environment.  It is likewise in the best interests of the community for the association to promote social distancing in compliance with recommendations of governmental agencies.

4. Should we close the association swimming pool during the quarantine period? 

As far as we know, there is no evidence that the infection spreads from one person to another in water, however boards must take the same considerations stated above into account,.  Some associations are permitting owners to use the pool after the association removes the pool furniture, so long as each person agrees to remain 6 feet from one another and limit the number of users to less than 10.  This continued use would still require the association to engage in extraordinary cleaning/sanitizing measures for any high-touch areas including railings, access-ways, bath facilities and the like.  The logistics, costs and possible liability concerns often lead directors to the conclusion that shutting the pool facilities is a far better alternative, which is legally supportable and suggested.

5. Should we forgive all assessment payments for 60 days? Should we reduce our budget by 20%?

Certainly these are unprecedented times. Many communities will be faced with critical decisions regarding the likely financial impact the Covid-19 virus will have on the owners and overall operations of the association.

However, as board members have a fiduciary duty to ensure that the association  meets its many financial obligations, we do not recommend adopting a blanket policy to forgive all assessments for all owners for a certain period of days (30, 60, or 90 days), nor do we recommend an immediate reduction in the budget.

The primary reason is that the association must still function in an effective manner, which includes ensuring that its vendors and obligations are timely paid and met, including, without limitation, insurance, maintenance/sanitation of the common elements and facilities, security, and communication services (telephone, internet, cable).  Some communities may have loan repayment obligations as well.  Adopting a blanket policy to forgive all assessments can invariably cause some owners, who otherwise had no intention of withholding payment or paying late, to take advantage of the “amnesty” period, which will only create a negative impact on the association by interrupting the necessary cash flow for community services.

Of course, it is also important to demonstrate compassion during this period and Boards do have the authority to consider hardship requests from an owner on a case-by-case basis, which can include: agreeing to extend the period of time for an owner to make payment; waive late fees; enter into payment plan; or, to send additional late notices before turning a delinquent account over to legal counsel for collection. The types of hardships to be considered by the Board can include, without limitation, a documented reduction in household income by the owner or an increase in household expenses, as well as documented medical reasons.  Also, if there are items in the budget that are discretionary and vendors for these non-essential services are willing to work with the Board to either temporarily suspend those services or defer payment, the board can exercise its reasonable business judgement to work with such vendors on those points.  It is recommended that you review any proposed policies with your association counsel before implementing them.

6. Should our association restrict guests or contractors during the quarantine period?

Among the statutory emergency powers of a condominium board is the right to determine any portion of the “condominium property” unavailable for entry or occupancy by unit owners, family members, tenants, guests, agents, or invitees to protect the health, safety, or welfare of such persons based upon advice of emergency management officials or upon the advice of licensed professionals retained by the board.  Condominium property is defined by the Florida Condominium Act (Chapter 718 of Florida Statutes) to include both common elements and units.

However, the statutory emergency powers for homeowners’ associations are a little different. They provide that the board may determine any portion of the “association property” unavailable for entry or occupancy by owners or their family members, tenants, guests, agents, or invitees to protect their health, safety, or welfare based upon the advice of emergency management officials or upon the advice of licensed professionals retained by the board.  The term “association property” is not defined by the Florida Homeowners Association Act (Chapter 720 of Florida Statutes), but would seem to refer to property owned by an association, including only the common area and not lots or homes.

Whether an association may, should or must restrict or prohibit guests or contractors from entering the community due to COVID-19 depends upon the nature of the community, applicable law and, of course, the orders or directives from federal, state, county and local authorities.

In many condominiums there are shared elevators, lobbies, entry doors, hallways, stairways and the like.  Since residents are in close proximity to each other, and guests and contractors will typically need to share access points with residents, it is likely reasonable to limit guests and contractors in condominiums with such shared areas.  However, exceptions for guests and contractors who are necessary for the resident must be considered. A condominium association must surely allow a resident to have a guest who is necessary for a disability. In addition, residents may also need guests for other essential purposes and they should not be precluded from accessing units.  Of course, these issues need to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

In a condominium setting, it appears reasonable for the board to similarly restrict access and work by contractors, other than those who are performing necessary work, to be determined by the board.  It is not advisable to restrict contractors who are needed to ensure that a unit is fully functional and habitable.  Optional renovations, which are generally unnecessary to maintain or repair the unit, may be  restricted.  It is interesting to note that many of the emergency orders issued by local governments, such as Broward and Palm Beach Counties, provide that contractors are essential workers who may work despite the orders.

As noted above, the authority of the board of a homeowners’ association to prohibit entry or occupancy appears to apply to common areas rather than the lots and homes.  Furthermore, unlike a condominium, even where the homes are attached (such as townhomes), they typically do not have very much shared areas.  Presumably a guest or contractor of a resident is able to go directly to the resident’s home without contacting or affecting areas used by other residents.  As such, the board of a homeowners’ association may not have as much legal support for a restriction on guests or contractors of residents.

7. Should our association prevent tenants and owners from moving in during the quarantine period?

Unless there is a future State or local order that further limits or restricts activity in community associations, it does not appear that a restriction preventing owners from moving into a condominium or homeowners’ association community would be reasonable.  The fact is that owners have more rights than tenants, and obstructing an owner from entering their property is likely not warranted unless, for example, the property was destroyed by a hurricane or is otherwise unsafe.  However, it must be recognized that additional use of the shared areas of community associations could lead to the spread of COVID-19.

As a result, certain restrictions on new leases, particularly new short-term leases which have not been approved, may be reasonable to prevent a “revolving door” situation when there is an influx of too many people in the shared areas of the community. This may also include screening tenants concerning whether they have recently been exposed to COVID-19 and using it as a basis to deny immediate occupancy.  As noted above, there is typically less shared area in homeowners’ association communities and, therefore, a homeowners’ association may have less reason to preclude new tenants.  In any event, all applications for the proposed transfer or lease of a unit or lot should be timely reviewed in accordance with the governing documents for the community to ensure that the association complies with any applicable time frames during which approval must be furnished to the owner or applicant.

Also, On March 27, Governor DeSantis signed an Order  prohibiting vacation rentals less than 30-days. The Order expires 14 days later unless extended.

We strongly encourage Boards to discuss these issues with your association’s  legal counsel to ensure legal and appropriate measures are being undertaken to deal with this rapidly ever evolving and fluid situation.


Confirmation of Emergency Powers

Please see the Order from the Secretary of the D.B.P.R. confirming the application of the Emergency Powers for all Boards, as well as the tolling of the deadline for financial reporting requirements for Condominium, Cooperative and Timeshare Associations, during the current State of Emergency.


Short Term Rental Prohibition Order

On March 27, Governor DeSantis signed an Order  prohibiting vacation rentals less than 30-days. The Order expires 14 days later unless extended.


We added a very useful COVID-19 resource section to our website. You can visit it by clicking HERE:


The Kaye Bender Rembaum Team Remains  Available to You and to Your Community Association

The health and safety of your Community and all residents is very important to us. We also realize that our clients have uncertainty and concerns around the continuing operation of your Community, and our team of attorneys will remain available to all of you during these times.

SPECIAL CORONAVIRUS EMERGENCY POWERS EDITION: BOARD EMERGENCY POWERS

FOR  CONDOMINIUM, COOPERATIVE &  HOMEOWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS

All board members and managers should take a few moments and brush up on emergency powers approved  by the legislature and codified into Florida Statutes in Chapters 718, 719 and 720 for use during a “state of emergency.” Hopefully, your association will not need to use them. But just in case, now is the time to familiarize yourself with this important legislation.

No doubt the emergency powers granted by the Florida legislature to a condominium, cooperative and homeowners’ association board of directors for use during a “state of emergency” were intended for hurricanes and the like. Nevertheless, should circumstances warrant, they can be utilized during this state of emergency caused by the Coronavirus. However, use of these powers should be reasonably related to the threat at hand. In other words, there should be good reason for their exercise such that there is a nexus between the emergency action taken and the situation at your association as related to the Coronavirus.

Due to the Coronavirus, a myriad of other issues present themselves for consideration, too. Should board meetings be held and if so, how? Should the board learn of an infected member living in the association, what next?  Should the infected person be identified to other members? What type of notice should be provided? Should an entire condominium be quarantined due to one case of coronavirus or should only those members who were in contact with the infected member be in quarantine? These are issues of first impression and the list goes on…

During this time, if there is no reason to have a board meeting because there is no business to be voted on, then consider cancelling the meeting. If a board meeting is needed, consider doing so by conference call. Remember, all members still have the right to listen and, at the right time, speak. If this is not possible, be sure to draft into the minutes the reason why, because  there is no emergency power that allows excluding the members attendance and participation  at a board meeting.

Based on what we have all seen and read,  the infected person will be quarantined along with all other persons the infected person identifies as having been in contact with them. Therefore, one way or the other word of the situation is likely to get out. Nevertheless, notice to the entire community should be considered, but identification of the infected person should be avoided.

Meetings with a large numbers of attendees should be avoided, but if meetings with a large number of participants become necessary, then consider spacing out the seats to avoid unnecessary close contact.

Plan ahead by stocking up on several weeks of supplies needed for the smooth operation of the association.

Consider temporary closing of the clubhouse and other areas of possible congregating. Obviously, Bingo and similar games should be avoided. Shows should be cancelled and re-scheduled, if possible, etc.

The Board should focus on the protection of its members though minimization of health and economic risks. Regardless of what steps are taken, given the circumstances, there are possible legal consequences. Therefore, bear in mind  prior to taking any action, consultation with the association’s attorney is an absolute must as this column is intended to provide information for consideration and not specific legal advice. 

Thank you to so many friends and peers who provided their comments to this writer, which led to this article during this most difficult of situations taking place in uncharted territory.

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THE SPECIFIC LEGISLATION

Following is the legislation that provides the specific emergency powers for Florida’s community associations. ​First presented  is emergency powers for condominium associations, followed by emergency powers for cooperative associations and emergency powers for homeowners’ associations. 

EMERGENCY POWERS: CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATIONS

718.1265 Association emergency powers.—

(1) To the extent allowed by law and unless specifically prohibited by the declaration of condominium, the articles, or the bylaws of an association, and consistent with the provisions of s. 617.0830, the board of administration, in response to damage caused by an event for which a state of emergency is declared pursuant to s. 252.36 in the locale in which the condominium is located, may, but is not required to, exercise the following powers:

(a) Conduct board meetings and membership meetings with notice given as is practicable. Such notice may be given in any practicable manner, including publication, radio, United States mail, the Internet, public service announcements, and conspicuous posting on the condominium property or any other means the board deems reasonable under the circumstances. Notice of board decisions may be communicated as provided in this paragraph.
(b) Cancel and reschedule any association meeting.
(c) Name as assistant officers persons who are not directors, which assistant officers shall have the same authority as the executive officers to whom they are assistants during the state of emergency to accommodate the incapacity or unavailability of any officer of the association.
(d) Relocate the association’s principal office or designate alternative principal offices.
(e) Enter into agreements with local counties and municipalities to assist counties and municipalities with debris removal.
(f) Implement a disaster plan before or immediately following the event for which a state of emergency is declared which may include, but is not limited to, shutting down or off elevators; electricity; water, sewer, or security systems; or air conditioners.
(g) Based upon advice of emergency management officials or upon the advice of licensed professionals retained by the board, determine any portion of the condominium property unavailable for entry or occupancy by unit owners, family members, tenants, guests, agents, or invitees to protect the health, safety, or welfare of such persons. 
(h) Require the evacuation of the condominium property in the event of a mandatory evacuation order in the locale in which the condominium is located. Should any unit owner or other occupant of a condominium fail or refuse to evacuate the condominium property where the board has required evacuation, the association shall be immune from liability or injury to persons or property arising from such failure or refusal.
(i) Based upon advice of emergency management officials or upon the advice of licensed professionals retained by the board, determine whether the condominium property can be safely inhabited or occupied. However, such determination is not conclusive as to any determination of habitability pursuant to the declaration
(j) Mitigate further damage, including taking action to contract for the removal of debris and to prevent or mitigate the spread of fungus, including, but not limited to, mold or mildew, by removing and disposing of wet drywall, insulation, carpet, cabinetry, or other fixtures on or within the condominium property, even if the unit owner is obligated by the declaration or law to insure or replace those fixtures and to remove personal property from a unit.
(k) Contract, on behalf of any unit owner or owners, for items or services for which the owners are otherwise individually responsible, but which are necessary to prevent further damage to the condominium property. In such event, the unit owner or owners on whose behalf the board has contracted are responsible for reimbursing the association for the actual costs of the items or services, and the association may use its lien authority provided by s. 718.116 to enforce collection of the charges. Without limitation, such items or services may include the drying of units, the boarding of broken windows or doors, and the replacement of damaged air conditioners or air handlers to provide climate control in the units or other portions of the property.
(l) Regardless of any provision to the contrary and even if such authority does not specifically appear in the declaration of condominium, articles, or bylaws of the association, levy special assessments without a vote of the owners.
(m) Without unit owners’ approval, borrow money and pledge association assets as collateral to fund emergency repairs and carry out the duties of the association when operating funds are insufficient. This paragraph does not limit the general authority of the association to borrow money, subject to such restrictions as are contained in the declaration of condominium, articles, or bylaws of the association.
(2) The special powers authorized under subsection (1) shall be limited to that time reasonably necessary to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the association and the unit owners and the unit owners’ family members, tenants, guests, agents, or invitees and shall be reasonably necessary to mitigate further damage and make emergency repairs.
History.—s. 15, ch. 2008-28.
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EMERGENCY POWERS: COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS

719.128 Association emergency powers.—

(1) To the extent allowed by law, unless specifically prohibited by the cooperative documents, and consistent with s. 617.0830, the board of administration, in response to damage caused by an event for which a state of emergency is declared pursuant to s. 252.36 in the area encompassed by the cooperative, may exercise the following powers:

(a) Conduct board or membership meetings after notice of the meetings and board decisions is provided in as practicable a manner as possible, including via publication, radio, United States mail, the Internet, public service announcements, conspicuous posting on the cooperative property, or any other means the board deems appropriate under the circumstances.

(b) Cancel and reschedule an association meeting.
(c) Designate assistant officers who are not directors. If the executive officer is incapacitated or unavailable, the assistant officer has the same authority during the state of emergency as the executive officer he or she assists.
(d) Relocate the association’s principal office or designate an alternative principal office.
(e) Enter into agreements with counties and municipalities to assist counties and municipalities with debris removal.
(f) Implement a disaster plan before or immediately following the event for which a state of emergency is declared, which may include turning on or shutting off elevators; electricity; water, sewer, or security systems; or air conditioners for association buildings.
(g) Based upon the advice of emergency management officials or upon the advice of licensed professionals retained by the board of administration, determine any portion of the cooperative property unavailable for entry or occupancy by unit owners or their family members, tenants, guests, agents, or invitees to protect their health, safety, or welfare.
(h) Based upon the advice of emergency management officials or upon the advice of licensed professionals retained by the board of administration, determine whether the cooperative property can be safely inhabited or occupied. However, such determination is not conclusive as to any determination of habitability pursuant to the declaration.
(i) Require the evacuation of the cooperative property in the event of a mandatory evacuation order in the area where the cooperative is located. If a unit owner or other occupant of a cooperative fails to evacuate the cooperative property for which the board has required evacuation, the association is immune from liability for injury to persons or property arising from such failure.
(j) Mitigate further damage, including taking action to contract for the removal of debris and to prevent or mitigate the spread of fungus, including mold or mildew, by removing and disposing of wet drywall, insulation, carpet, cabinetry, or other fixtures on or within the cooperative property, regardless of whether the unit owner is obligated by the declaration or law to insure or replace those fixtures and to remove personal property from a unit.
(k) Contract, on behalf of a unit owner, for items or services for which the owner is otherwise individually responsible, but which are necessary to prevent further damage to the cooperative property. In such event, the unit owner on whose behalf the board has contracted is responsible for reimbursing the association for the actual costs of the items or services, and the association may use its lien authority provided by s. 719.108 to enforce collection of the charges. Such items or services may include the drying of the unit, the boarding of broken windows or doors, and the replacement of a damaged air conditioner or air handler to provide climate control in the unit or other portions of the property.
(l) Notwithstanding a provision to the contrary, and regardless of whether such authority does not specifically appear in the cooperative documents, levy special assessments without a vote of the owners.
(m) Without unit owners’ approval, borrow money and pledge association assets as collateral to fund emergency repairs and carry out the duties of the association if operating funds are insufficient. This paragraph does not limit the general authority of the association to borrow money, subject to such restrictions contained in the cooperative documents.
(2) The authority granted under subsection (1) is limited to that time reasonably necessary to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the association and the unit owners and their family members, tenants, guests, agents, or invitees, and to mitigate further damage and make emergency repairs.
History.—s. 16, ch. 2014-133.
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EMERGENCY POWERS: HOMEOWNERS’ ASSOCIATIONS

720.316 Association emergency powers.—

 

(1) To the extent allowed by law, unless specifically prohibited by the declaration or other recorded governing documents, and consistent with s. 617.0830, the board of directors, in response to damage caused by an event for which a state of emergency is declared pursuant to s. 252.36 in the area encompassed by the association, may exercise the following powers:

(a) Conduct board or membership meetings after notice of the meetings and board decisions is provided in as practicable a manner as possible, including via publication, radio, United States mail, the Internet, public service announcements, conspicuous posting on the association property, or any other means the board deems appropriate under the circumstances.

(b) Cancel and reschedule an association meeting.
(c) Designate assistant officers who are not directors. If the executive officer is incapacitated or unavailable, the assistant officer has the same authority during the state of emergency as the executive officer he or she assists.
(d) Relocate the association’s principal office or designate an alternative principal office.
(e) Enter into agreements with counties and municipalities to assist counties and municipalities with debris removal.
(f) Implement a disaster plan before or immediately following the event for which a state of emergency is declared, which may include, but is not limited to, turning on or shutting off elevators; electricity; water, sewer, or security systems; or air conditioners for association buildings.
(g) Based upon the advice of emergency management officials or upon the advice of licensed professionals retained by the board, determine any portion of the association property unavailable for entry or occupancy by owners or their family members, tenants, guests, agents, or invitees to protect their health, safety, or welfare.
(h) Based upon the advice of emergency management officials or upon the advice of licensed professionals retained by the board, determine whether the association property can be safely inhabited or occupied. However, such determination is not conclusive as to any determination of habitability pursuant to the declaration.
(i) Mitigate further damage, including taking action to contract for the removal of debris and to prevent or mitigate the spread of fungus, including mold or mildew, by removing and disposing of wet drywall, insulation, carpet, cabinetry, or other fixtures on or within the association property.
(j) Notwithstanding a provision to the contrary, and regardless of whether such authority does not specifically appear in the declaration or other recorded governing documents, levy special assessments without a vote of the owners.
(k) Without owners’ approval, borrow money and pledge association assets as collateral to fund emergency repairs and carry out the duties of the association if operating funds are insufficient. This paragraph does not limit the general authority of the association to borrow money, subject to such restrictions contained in the declaration or other recorded governing documents.
(2) The authority granted under subsection (1) is limited to that time reasonably necessary to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the association and the parcel owners and their family members, tenants, guests, agents, or invitees, and to mitigate further damage and make emergency repairs.
History.—s. 19, ch. 2014-133.